2023年2月8日 星期三

年收益率順序不同,結果就不同

昨天看到一篇有趣的文章
他說我們以為的退休後的投資報酬率只要達到8%
我們的退休生活便可高枕無憂
未必!!!!!

以A的範例來看
200萬美金的資產,每年生活費提領6%,19年的平均投資報酬率8.08%,第19年末帳戶價值美金301萬,真是人生勝利組
A
年初帳戶價值年收益率年度提領金額提領後剩餘金額年末帳戶價值
12,000,000-10.20%120,0001,880,0001,688,240
21,688,24031.40%120,0001,568,2402,060,667
32,060,66719.20%120,0001,940,6672,313,275
42,313,27515.80%120,0002,193,2752,539,813
52,539,81319.10%120,0002,419,8132,881,997
62,881,99735.30%120,0002,761,9973,736,982
73,736,98217.10%120,0003,616,9824,235,486
84,235,4862.00%120,0004,115,4864,197,796
94,197,79615.10%120,0004,077,7964,693,543
104,693,54326.50%120,0004,573,5435,785,532
115,785,532-39.10%120,0005,665,5323,450,309
123,450,3094.90%120,0003,330,3093,493,494
133,493,49415.60%120,0003,373,4943,899,759
143,899,7595.20%120,0003,779,7593,976,307
153,976,30711.70%120,0003,856,3074,307,495
164,307,49528.80%120,0004,187,4955,393,493
175,393,493-24.00%120,0005,273,4934,007,855
184,007,855-11.70%120,0003,887,8553,432,976
193,432,976-9.10%120,0003,312,9763,011,495
平均報酬率8.08%


我們看B的範例
與A的條件一樣,但是年收益率倒過來呈現,雖然平均值同樣是8.08%,但是第16年期末帳戶就轉為負值了,成為人生失敗組
B
年初帳戶價值年收益率年度提領金額提領後剩餘金額年末帳戶價值
12,000,000-9.10%120,0001,880,0001,708,920
21,708,920-11.70%120,0001,588,9201,403,016
31,403,016-24.00%120,0001,283,016975,092
4975,09228.80%120,000855,0921,101,359
51,101,35911.70%120,000981,3591,096,178
61,096,1785.20%120,000976,1781,026,939
71,026,93915.60%120,000906,9391,048,422
81,048,4224.90%120,000928,422973,915
9973,915-39.10%120,000853,915520,034
10520,03426.50%120,000400,034506,043
11506,04315.10%120,000386,043444,335
12444,3352.00%120,000324,335330,822
13330,82217.10%120,000210,822246,873
14246,87335.30%120,000126,873171,659
15171,65919.10%120,00051,65961,526
1661,52615.80%120,000-58,474-67,713
17-67,71319.20%120,000-187,713-223,754
18-223,75431.40%120,000-343,754-451,693
19-451,693-10.20%120,000-571,693-513,380
平均報酬率8.08%

也就是說,即使你的資產是股債配置合宜,但是若是碰到不好的年頭,頭3年皆為負報酬就可能產生悲慘的下場

但是未來就是不可期,為避免悲慘的下場,如果稍稍降低我們的生活品質,生活費只提領4%會如何呢
C
年初帳戶價值年收益率年度提領金額提領後剩餘金額年末帳戶價值
12,000,000-9.10%80,0001,920,0001,745,280
21,745,280-11.70%80,0001,665,2801,470,442
31,470,442-24.00%80,0001,390,4421,056,736
41,056,73628.80%80,000976,7361,258,036
51,258,03611.70%80,0001,178,0361,315,866
61,315,8665.20%80,0001,235,8661,300,131
71,300,13115.60%80,0001,220,1311,410,472
81,410,4724.90%80,0001,330,4721,395,665
91,395,665-39.10%80,0001,315,665801,240
10801,24026.50%80,000721,240912,369
11912,36915.10%80,000832,369958,056
12958,0562.00%80,000878,056895,617
13895,61717.10%80,000815,617955,088
14955,08835.30%80,000875,0881,183,994
151,183,99419.10%80,0001,103,9941,314,857
161,314,85715.80%80,0001,234,8571,429,964
171,429,96419.20%80,0001,349,9641,609,157
181,609,15731.40%80,0001,529,1572,009,313
192,009,313-10.20%80,0001,929,3131,732,523
平均報酬率8.08%

此時第19年末的資產仍有173萬,尚可
當然還有一個方式就是如果你想退休時剛好覺得是空頭年,就延緩退休,此時依然保有月收入,就比較不需擔心資產報酬率的影響

我們再看D的範例
如果我們的資產產生的被動收入能夠覆蓋我們的生活費用而不需提領本金時
D
年初帳戶價值年收益率年度提領金額提領後剩餘金額年末帳戶價值
12,000,000-9.10%02,000,0001,818,000
21,818,000-11.70%01,818,0001,605,294
31,605,294-24.00%01,605,2941,220,023
41,220,02328.80%01,220,0231,571,390
51,571,39011.70%01,571,3901,755,243
61,755,2435.20%01,755,2431,846,515
71,846,51515.60%01,846,5152,134,572
82,134,5724.90%02,134,5722,239,166
92,239,166-39.10%02,239,1661,363,652
101,363,65226.50%01,363,6521,725,020
111,725,02015.10%01,725,0201,985,498
121,985,4982.00%01,985,4982,025,208
132,025,20817.10%02,025,2082,371,518
142,371,51835.30%02,371,5183,208,664
153,208,66419.10%03,208,6643,821,519
163,821,51915.80%03,821,5194,425,319
174,425,31919.20%04,425,3195,274,980
185,274,98031.40%05,274,9806,931,324
196,931,324-10.20%06,931,3246,224,329
平均報酬率8.08%

即使運氣不好,頭三年是負報酬率,第19年末的帳戶價值可是美金622

當然啦,既能領到每年8萬的被動收入又能有平均8.08%的投資報酬率是不實際的事

我們以E的範例來看
本金美金100萬,生活費4%由股息及債息來支付而不提領本金,平均年報酬率2.04%,第19年末帳戶價值有136萬

F
年初帳戶價值年收益率年度提領金額提領後剩餘金額年末帳戶價值
11,000,000-9.10%01,000,000909,000
2909,000-11.70%0909,000802,647
3802,647-16.00%0802,647674,223
4674,22310.10%0674,223742,320
5742,3209.00%0742,320809,129
6809,1295.20%0809,129851,204
7851,2047.50%0851,204915,044
8915,0444.90%0915,044959,881
9959,881-13.00%0959,881835,096
10835,09614.00%0835,096952,010
11952,0108.00%0952,0101,028,171
121,028,1712.00%01,028,1711,048,734
131,048,7349.10%01,048,7341,144,169
141,144,1696.00%01,144,1691,212,819
151,212,8193.00%01,212,8191,249,204
161,249,2045.00%01,249,2041,311,664
171,311,6648.00%01,311,6641,416,597
181,416,5977.00%01,416,5971,515,759
191,515,759-10.20%01,515,7591,361,151
平均報酬率2.04%

依此模型的操作模式就應該是
80萬投入可產生5%收益的債劵及股票
15萬投入價值型股票
5萬現金以備不時之需

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